Researchers from IMARES (Institute for Marine Resources and Ecosystem Studies) in the Netherlands analysed the short-term ecological effects of the first large-scale offshore wind farm built off the Dutch North Sea coast. The farm, built in 2006, consists of 36 3MW Vesta turbines giving it a total rated capacity of 108MW, providing enough energy for up to 100,000 households. It is located 10-18km from the coast and is visible from shore and the turbines are placed over an area of 27square kilometres.
The summary of the first two years of research has shown that the farm has contributed significantly to the biodiversity of the area. It is generally expected that the disruptive effect of driving piles into the seabed, the effect of rotating turbines and possible underwater noise would have detrimental effects on aquatic life. However, the research team found that new species have become established. They stated that rocks piled around the columns of the turbine have provided new habitats for species and without commercial fishing and shipping traffic the wind farm offers a peaceful sanctuary.
The research shows that the fish fauna is incredibly varied and the area provides shelter to Cod and Porpoises. However, some birds, including gannets are avoiding the area, whilst seagull numbers remained stable the number of Cormorants has increased.